RTL Mixed Text

/* ── Reset & Base ── */
*,
*::before,
*::after {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

:root {
  --bg-primary: #0a0a0a;
  --bg-card: #111111;
  --bg-tertiary: #1a1a1a;
  --bg-bubble-sent: #1a2744;
  --bg-bubble-received: #1a1a1a;
  --border: #222222;
  --border-light: #333333;
  --text-primary: #f0f0f0;
  --text-secondary: #999999;
  --text-muted: #666666;
  --accent-blue: #3b82f6;
  --accent-green: #22c55e;
  --accent-red: #ef4444;
  --radius: 10px;
}

html {
  font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
  background: var(--bg-primary);
  color: var(--text-primary);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

body {
  min-height: 100vh;
  padding-block: 40px;
  padding-inline: 24px;
}

button {
  font: inherit;
  cursor: pointer;
  border: none;
  background: none;
  color: inherit;
}

code {
  font-family: "SF Mono", "Fira Code", "Cascadia Code", monospace;
  font-size: 0.82em;
  background: var(--bg-tertiary);
  padding-block: 2px;
  padding-inline: 6px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  color: var(--accent-blue);
}

/* ── Page ── */
.page {
  max-inline-size: 800px;
  margin-inline: auto;
}

/* ── Toolbar ── */
.toolbar {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  margin-block-end: 40px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 16px;
}

.page-title {
  font-size: 1.6rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.dir-toggle {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  padding-block: 8px;
  padding-inline: 16px;
  background: var(--bg-card);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 8px;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--accent-blue);
  transition: background 0.2s;
}

.dir-toggle:hover {
  background: var(--bg-tertiary);
}

/* ── Demo sections ── */
.demo-section {
  margin-block-end: 48px;
}

.section-title {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-block-end: 8px;
}

.section-desc {
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  margin-block-end: 20px;
}

/* ── Text cards ── */
.text-card {
  background: var(--bg-card);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding-block: 20px;
  padding-inline: 24px;
  margin-block-end: 12px;
}

.mixed-text {
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.8;
  color: var(--text-primary);
}

.embedded-ltr {
  color: var(--accent-blue);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.embedded-rtl {
  color: var(--accent-blue);
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: 1.05em;
}

/* ── Mixed list ── */
.mixed-list {
  list-style: none;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 8px;
}

.list-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 14px;
  background: var(--bg-card);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 8px;
  padding-block: 14px;
  padding-inline: 20px;
}

.list-number {
  inline-size: 28px;
  block-size: 28px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--bg-tertiary);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--accent-blue);
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.list-text {
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

/* ── Chat ── */
.chat-container {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 12px;
  background: var(--bg-card);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding-block: 24px;
  padding-inline: 24px;
}

.chat-bubble {
  max-inline-size: 80%;
  padding-block: 12px;
  padding-inline: 16px;
  border-radius: 12px;
  position: relative;
}

.chat-bubble.sent {
  align-self: flex-end;
  background: var(--bg-bubble-sent);
  border-end-end-radius: 4px;
}

.chat-bubble.received {
  align-self: flex-start;
  background: var(--bg-bubble-received);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-end-start-radius: 4px;
}

.bubble-sender {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--accent-blue);
  margin-block-end: 4px;
}

.bubble-text {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--text-primary);
}

.bubble-text .embedded-ltr {
  color: var(--accent-green);
}

.bubble-time {
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  margin-block-start: 6px;
  text-align: end;
}

/* ── Comparison ── */
.comparison-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 16px;
}

.comparison-card {
  background: var(--bg-card);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  overflow: hidden;
}

.comparison-card.correct {
  border-color: rgba(34, 197, 94, 0.3);
}

.comparison-card.incorrect {
  border-color: rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.3);
}

.comparison-header {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding-block: 10px;
  padding-inline: 16px;
  border-block-end: 1px solid var(--border);
  background: var(--bg-primary);
}

.comp-badge {
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  padding-block: 2px;
  padding-inline: 8px;
  border-radius: 4px;
}

.comp-badge.good {
  background: rgba(34, 197, 94, 0.12);
  color: var(--accent-green);
}

.comp-badge.bad {
  background: rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.12);
  color: var(--accent-red);
}

.comp-code {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
}

.comparison-body {
  padding-block: 16px;
  padding-inline: 16px;
}

.comp-text {
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
  margin-block-end: 12px;
  padding-block: 10px;
  padding-inline: 14px;
  background: var(--bg-tertiary);
  border-radius: 6px;
}

.comp-note {
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  line-height: 1.5;
}

/* ── Responsive ── */
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  body {
    padding-inline: 16px;
  }

  .comparison-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .chat-bubble {
    max-inline-size: 90%;
  }
}

(() => {
  const html = document.documentElement;
  const dirToggle = document.getElementById("dir-toggle");
  const dirLabel = document.getElementById("dir-label");

  dirToggle.addEventListener("click", () => {
    const isRtl = html.getAttribute("dir") === "rtl";
    const newDir = isRtl ? "ltr" : "rtl";
    html.setAttribute("dir", newDir);
    html.setAttribute("lang", isRtl ? "en" : "ar");
    dirLabel.textContent = newDir.toUpperCase();
  });
})();

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8" />
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
  <title>RTL Mixed Text</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
</head>
<body>

  <div class="page">

    <!-- Toolbar -->
    <div class="toolbar">
      <h1 class="page-title">Bidirectional Text Demo</h1>
      <button class="dir-toggle" id="dir-toggle" type="button" aria-label="Toggle text direction">
        <span id="dir-label">LTR</span>
        <span>&#8644;</span>
      </button>
    </div>

    <!-- ── Section 1: Arabic paragraphs with English words ── -->
    <section class="demo-section">
      <h2 class="section-title">Arabic Text with English Terms</h2>
      <p class="section-desc">Embedded English words within Arabic paragraphs render correctly using the Unicode BiDi algorithm.</p>

      <div class="text-card">
        <p class="mixed-text" dir="rtl" lang="ar">
          نظام التشغيل <bdi class="embedded-ltr">Windows 11</bdi> يتضمن ميزات جديدة مثل
          <bdi class="embedded-ltr">Snap Layouts</bdi> و<bdi class="embedded-ltr">Virtual Desktops</bdi>
          لتحسين تجربة المستخدم.
        </p>
      </div>

      <div class="text-card">
        <p class="mixed-text" dir="rtl" lang="ar">
          يمكنك استخدام لغة <bdi class="embedded-ltr">JavaScript</bdi> مع مكتبة
          <bdi class="embedded-ltr">React</bdi> لبناء واجهات مستخدم تفاعلية وسريعة.
          كما يمكنك استخدام <bdi class="embedded-ltr">TypeScript</bdi> لإضافة أنواع ثابتة.
        </p>
      </div>
    </section>

    <!-- ── Section 2: English paragraphs with Arabic words ── -->
    <section class="demo-section">
      <h2 class="section-title">English Text with Arabic Words</h2>
      <p class="section-desc">Arabic words embedded in English text flow correctly when marked with proper directionality.</p>

      <div class="text-card">
        <p class="mixed-text" dir="ltr" lang="en">
          The Arabic word <bdi class="embedded-rtl" dir="rtl" lang="ar">&#x0645;&#x0631;&#x062D;&#x0628;&#x0627;</bdi> (marhaba) means "hello" and is commonly used as a greeting across the Arab world, from Morocco to Iraq.
        </p>
      </div>

      <div class="text-card">
        <p class="mixed-text" dir="ltr" lang="en">
          In calligraphy, the <bdi class="embedded-rtl" dir="rtl" lang="ar">&#x0628;&#x0633;&#x0645;&#x0644;&#x0629;</bdi> (basmala) is one of the most frequently rendered phrases. It translates to "In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful."
        </p>
      </div>
    </section>

    <!-- ── Section 3: Mixed-direction list ── -->
    <section class="demo-section">
      <h2 class="section-title">Mixed-Direction List</h2>
      <p class="section-desc">Lists with mixed content automatically handle directionality per item.</p>

      <ul class="mixed-list">
        <li class="list-item" dir="rtl" lang="ar">
          <span class="list-number">1</span>
          <span class="list-text">&#x0627;&#x0644;&#x0633;&#x0644;&#x0627;&#x0645; &#x0639;&#x0644;&#x064A;&#x0643;&#x0645; &mdash; Peace be upon you</span>
        </li>
        <li class="list-item" dir="ltr" lang="en">
          <span class="list-number">2</span>
          <span class="list-text">Hello World &mdash; <bdi dir="rtl" lang="ar">&#x0645;&#x0631;&#x062D;&#x0628;&#x0627; &#x0628;&#x0627;&#x0644;&#x0639;&#x0627;&#x0644;&#x0645;</bdi></span>
        </li>
        <li class="list-item" dir="rtl" lang="ar">
          <span class="list-number">3</span>
          <span class="list-text">&#x0634;&#x0643;&#x0631;&#x0627; &#x062C;&#x0632;&#x064A;&#x0644;&#x0627; &mdash; Thank you very much</span>
        </li>
        <li class="list-item" dir="ltr" lang="en">
          <span class="list-number">4</span>
          <span class="list-text">Good morning &mdash; <bdi dir="rtl" lang="ar">&#x0635;&#x0628;&#x0627;&#x062D; &#x0627;&#x0644;&#x062E;&#x064A;&#x0631;</bdi></span>
        </li>
        <li class="list-item" dir="rtl" lang="ar">
          <span class="list-number">5</span>
          <span class="list-text">&#x0645;&#x0639; &#x0627;&#x0644;&#x0633;&#x0644;&#x0627;&#x0645;&#x0629; &mdash; Goodbye</span>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </section>

    <!-- ── Section 4: Chat-style UI ── -->
    <section class="demo-section">
      <h2 class="section-title">Chat UI with Mixed Messages</h2>
      <p class="section-desc">A chat interface where each message independently sets its own text direction.</p>

      <div class="chat-container">
        <div class="chat-bubble sent" dir="ltr" lang="en">
          <div class="bubble-sender">You</div>
          <div class="bubble-text">Hey! Can you help me with the Arabic translation for the new interface?</div>
          <div class="bubble-time">10:30 AM</div>
        </div>

        <div class="chat-bubble received" dir="rtl" lang="ar">
          <div class="bubble-sender">&#x0623;&#x062D;&#x0645;&#x062F;</div>
          <div class="bubble-text">&#x0637;&#x0628;&#x0639;&#x0627;! &#x0623;&#x0631;&#x0633;&#x0644; &#x0644;&#x064A; &#x0627;&#x0644;&#x0646;&#x0635;&#x0648;&#x0635; &#x0648;&#x0633;&#x0623;&#x0642;&#x0648;&#x0645; &#x0628;&#x0627;&#x0644;&#x062A;&#x0631;&#x062C;&#x0645;&#x0629;.</div>
          <div class="bubble-time">10:32 AM</div>
        </div>

        <div class="chat-bubble sent" dir="ltr" lang="en">
          <div class="bubble-sender">You</div>
          <div class="bubble-text">How do you say "Submit Form" in Arabic?</div>
          <div class="bubble-time">10:33 AM</div>
        </div>

        <div class="chat-bubble received" dir="rtl" lang="ar">
          <div class="bubble-sender">&#x0623;&#x062D;&#x0645;&#x062F;</div>
          <div class="bubble-text">&#x062A;&#x0642;&#x0648;&#x0644; &laquo;<bdi class="embedded-ltr">Submit Form</bdi>&raquo; = &laquo;&#x0625;&#x0631;&#x0633;&#x0627;&#x0644; &#x0627;&#x0644;&#x0646;&#x0645;&#x0648;&#x0630;&#x062C;&raquo;</div>
          <div class="bubble-time">10:34 AM</div>
        </div>

        <div class="chat-bubble sent" dir="ltr" lang="en">
          <div class="bubble-sender">You</div>
          <div class="bubble-text">Perfect, <bdi dir="rtl" lang="ar">&#x0634;&#x0643;&#x0631;&#x0627;</bdi>! I'll update the UI now.</div>
          <div class="bubble-time">10:35 AM</div>
        </div>

        <div class="chat-bubble received" dir="rtl" lang="ar">
          <div class="bubble-sender">&#x0623;&#x062D;&#x0645;&#x062F;</div>
          <div class="bubble-text">&#x0639;&#x0641;&#x0648;&#x0627;! &#x0625;&#x0630;&#x0627; &#x0627;&#x062D;&#x062A;&#x062C;&#x062A; &#x0645;&#x0633;&#x0627;&#x0639;&#x062F;&#x0629; &#x0623;&#x062E;&#x0631;&#x0649; &#x0623;&#x0646;&#x0627; &#x0645;&#x0648;&#x062C;&#x0648;&#x062F;.</div>
          <div class="bubble-time">10:36 AM</div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </section>

    <!-- ── Section 5: Correct vs Incorrect approaches ── -->
    <section class="demo-section">
      <h2 class="section-title">Correct vs Incorrect Approaches</h2>
      <p class="section-desc">Side-by-side comparison showing the impact of proper BiDi markup.</p>

      <div class="comparison-grid">
        <div class="comparison-card correct">
          <div class="comparison-header">
            <span class="comp-badge good">&#10003; Correct</span>
            <code class="comp-code">&lt;bdi&gt; + dir attribute</code>
          </div>
          <div class="comparison-body">
            <p class="comp-text" dir="ltr" lang="en">
              The user <bdi dir="rtl" lang="ar">&#x0641;&#x0627;&#x0637;&#x0645;&#x0629; &#x0627;&#x0644;&#x0639;&#x0644;&#x064A;</bdi> scored 95 points.
            </p>
            <p class="comp-note">The name is correctly isolated and does not affect surrounding punctuation or numbers.</p>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="comparison-card incorrect">
          <div class="comparison-header">
            <span class="comp-badge bad">&#10007; Incorrect</span>
            <code class="comp-code">No BiDi isolation</code>
          </div>
          <div class="comparison-body">
            <p class="comp-text" dir="ltr" lang="en">
              The user &#x0641;&#x0627;&#x0637;&#x0645;&#x0629; &#x0627;&#x0644;&#x0639;&#x0644;&#x064A; scored 95 points.
            </p>
            <p class="comp-note">Without <code>&lt;bdi&gt;</code>, the BiDi algorithm may reorder surrounding characters incorrectly.</p>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="comparison-card correct">
          <div class="comparison-header">
            <span class="comp-badge good">&#10003; Correct</span>
            <code class="comp-code">unicode-bidi: isolate</code>
          </div>
          <div class="comparison-body">
            <p class="comp-text" dir="rtl" lang="ar" style="unicode-bidi: isolate;">
              &#x0631;&#x0642;&#x0645; &#x0627;&#x0644;&#x0637;&#x0644;&#x0628;: <span style="unicode-bidi: embed; direction: ltr;">#ORDER-2024-1587</span>
            </p>
            <p class="comp-note">The order number is correctly embedded as LTR within the RTL context.</p>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="comparison-card incorrect">
          <div class="comparison-header">
            <span class="comp-badge bad">&#10007; Incorrect</span>
            <code class="comp-code">No direction override</code>
          </div>
          <div class="comparison-body">
            <p class="comp-text" dir="rtl" lang="ar">
              &#x0631;&#x0642;&#x0645; &#x0627;&#x0644;&#x0637;&#x0644;&#x0628;: #ORDER-2024-1587
            </p>
            <p class="comp-note">Without explicit LTR embedding, the order number may be rendered in an unexpected sequence.</p>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </section>

  </div>

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